Keratoconus: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Keratoconus is a condition in which the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, gradually becomes thinner and starts to bulge outward into a cone-like shape. Because of this change, light entering the eye doesn’t focus properly, leading to blurred and distorted vision. It usually begins during the teenage years or early adulthood and slowly progresses over time if not managed early.
The exact cause of keratoconus is not always clear, but several factors are known to contribute. Often, it can run in families, suggesting a genetic link. Frequent or vigorous eye rubbing is considered one of the most common triggers. Conditions like allergies, chronic eye irritation, and anything that weakens the cornea over time can also play a role in its development.
In the early stages, keratoconus may not cause noticeable symptoms, which is why many people are unaware of it at first. As the condition progresses, vision may become increasingly blurred or distorted, and sensitivity to light may develop. People often find that their glasses prescription keeps changing frequently, and seeing clearly at night becomes difficult. Some may also experience eye strain or even double vision in one eye, making everyday activities more challenging.
Early Stage
In the initial stages, keratoconus can often be managed with glasses or soft contact lenses, which help correct vision to a certain extent. As the condition progresses and vision becomes more irregular, specially designed lenses such as rigid gas-permeable lenses or scleral lenses are recommended to provide clearer and more stable vision.
Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL)
Corneal cross-linking is one of the most effective treatments available to stop keratoconus from progressing. This minimally invasive procedure uses riboflavin eye drops along with ultraviolet light to strengthen the cornea. The procedure usually takes around 30 to 60 minutes and is designed to prevent further thinning and bulging. While it may not reverse the condition, it plays a crucial role in preserving vision by stopping it from getting worse.
Advanced Treatment Options
In more advanced stages, when vision cannot be corrected with lenses alone, additional procedures may be required. Intacs, which are small ring-shaped implants, can be placed in the cornea to improve its shape and vision. In severe cases where the cornea is significantly damaged, a corneal transplant may be recommended as a long-term solution.
Success Rate
Corneal cross-linking has shown a high success rate, with about 90 to 95 per cent effectiveness in stopping the progression of keratoconus. Speciality contact lenses also provide excellent visual improvement for many patients. In advanced cases, corneal transplants have a success rate ranging between 85 and 95 per cent, making them a reliable option when other treatments are not sufficient.
Is the Procedure Necessary?
Not every case of keratoconus requires immediate surgical treatment. If the condition remains stable, vision can often be managed effectively with glasses or contact lenses. However, when there are signs that the condition is progressing, undergoing corneal cross-linking becomes important to prevent further damage. Delaying treatment can lead to more severe vision problems and may eventually require more complex procedures like a corneal transplant. Early intervention is always the safer and more effective approach.
Why Dr Rani Menon at Maxivision Eye Hospital?
Dr. Rani Menon Maxivision Eye Hospital in Thrissur offers advanced care for keratoconus with modern diagnostic tools and treatment options. With experienced specialists and procedures like corneal cross-linking, patients receive personalised care tailored to their condition, ensuring the best possible outcomes.
Take the First Step
Your vision is too important to ignore. If you notice any changes in your eyesight or experience symptoms of keratoconus, it’s important to seek expert care without delay. Schedule your appointment today and take the first step toward clearer, healthier vision